Further, we demonstrate p23 is implicated in prostate cancer cell motility and in acquisition of invasiveness capacity through the expression of specific genes known to participate in cancer progression.
Recent studies have found that high level of p23 may promote tumor progression and poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. p23 was found to be overexpressed in our previous microarray assay of 100 childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) bone marrow (BM) samples.
High nuclear p23 was found to be associated with high cytoplasmic p23, therefore both may promote tumor progression and poor prognosis by increasing metastatic potential and drug resistance in breast cancer patients.
These results suggest oncogenic R-Ras has a central role in cancer progression towards a metastatic phenotype, through the activation of the PI 3-K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
Finally, we find that M68 lies within a four-gene cluster that includes a novel helicase-like gene (NHL) related to RAD3/ERCC2, a plasma membrane Ras-related GTPase and a member of the stathmin family, amplification or overexpression of which may also contribute to cell growth and tumor progression.