To compare the safety and efficacy of prophylactic DLI for prevention of relapse after allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation from haploidentical donors (HID-SCT) and matched-sibling donors (MSD-SCT) in patients with very high-risk acute myeloid leukemia (AML), we performed a retrospective analysis in a cohort of 21 HID-SCT and 13 MSD-SCT recipients, displaying similar baseline characteristics except for donor's gender distribution.
Our study showed that outcome after allo-SCT in de novo AML differs depending on cytogenetic risk-group; however its position in post-remission therapy of eligible AML patients is not threatened.
In conclusion our study could provide some guidelines for AML therapy: (1) patients in the 'favorable' karyotype group seem to have a longer DFS when treated with an intensive induction/consolidation regimen, adopted before auto-SCTinstead of standard induction; this underlines the importance of reinforcement of chemotherapy, not necessarily based on repeated high-dose AraC cycles.