Additionally, using Jh mutant mice, we confirmed that in the CT26 model, CCL7 has an immunoglobulin-, and thereby, B-cell-dependent effect on metastasis formation.
CCL7 promotes tumor progression by supporting the formation of the tumor microenvironment and facilitating tumor invasion and metastasis, although some studies have suggested that CCL7 has tumor suppressor effects.
CCL7 silencing by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) reduced experimental liver metastasis in both cell types, whereas CCL5 silencing reduced metastasis of M27<sup>colIV</sup> cells, implicating these cytokines in metastatic expansion in the liver.
Furthermore, we found that miR-23b suppressed leukocyte migration of EAE by targeting CCL7, a chemokine that attracts monocytes during inflammation and metastasis.