By contrast, treatment with IL‑18 at later stages of the disease reduced body weight, decreased colon length, enhanced inflammatory infiltration and reduced Muc‑2 expression, decreased the function and quantity of goblet cells and inhibited the mRNA levels of RELMβ and TFF3 in mice with DSS‑induced colitis.
The main aims of this study is to evaluate effects of intraperitoneal injection recombinant human TFF3 on the expression of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), toll-like receptor 4(TLR4), and nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) in trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS) induced colitis mice.
Furthermore, colons with constitutive activation of HIF displayed increased expression levels of HIF-1-regulated barrier-protective genes (multidrug resistance gene-1, intestinal trefoil factor, CD73), resulting in attenuated loss of barrier during colitis in vivo.