Recent developments concerning the roles played by transforming growth factor-β and platelet-derived growth factor D in driving the recruitment and expansion of cancer-associated myofibroblasts within cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) stroma as well as their therapeutic implications will also be discussed.
Platelet-derived growth factor D (PDGF-D) signaling plays significant roles during the development and progression of human malignancies via interacting with the receptor of PDGF-D (PDGFR).
In conclusion, our data show that tissue-resident stem cells interact with the cancer microenvironment via PDGF-D, induce EMT in the cancer cells in a paracrine fashion, thereby increasing the number of cancer stem cells and increase tumor growth in a PDGF dependent manner.
Platelet-derived growth factor-D (PDGF-D) has been linked with several human malignancies; however, its role in breast cancer progression is not known.
Platelet-derived growth factor-D (PDGF-D) can enhance invasion and metastasis in several human malignancies, though little is known about its functions in ovarian cancer.