<b>Material and methods:</b> We evaluated outcomes of acutely administered modafinil on post-stroke behaviors and histopathological features (including apoptotic caspase-3 expressing neurons) through bilateral common carotid artery occlusion in rats.
Moreover, mitophagy and mitochondrial apoptosis were stimulated in response to the mitochondrial oxidative stress in the hippocampus of tBCCAO-treated mice, and ESC treatment regulated the expression of mitophagy-related factors, including Bnip3, Beclin1, Pink1, and parkin, the LC-3 II/I ratio, and apoptosis-related factors, including p53, Bax, and caspase 3.