This study aimed to investigate the roles of PIO and KLF4 in the transcriptional regulation of apelin in a high- fat diet/streptozotocin rat model of diabetes and in PIO-stimulated vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs).
In conclusion, the findings revealed that chronic exercise training, independently of body weight and fat pad weight by decrease of insulin resistance can increase apelin levels in visceral adipose tissue, thereby attenuating the progression of diabetes and decreasing insulin resistance in T2DM rats.
Increasing evidence suggests that apelin regulates insulin sensitivity, stimulates glucose utilization and enhances brown adipogenesis in different tissues associated with diabetes.
Dysregulation of apelin might be involved in the mechanism of establishment of overt diabetes mellitus as well as associated atherosclerotic complications.