Anti-SMP30 antibody levels can be used as a biomarker for diagnosing HCC; marked results have been observed for patients with alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) negativity, in particular.
Higher regucalcin expression has been demonstrated to prolong survival of the patients of pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma.
Moreover, the regucalcin gene and its protein levels were demonstrated specifically to downregulate in human hepatocellular carcinoma by analysis with multiple gene expression profiles and proteomics.
Serum antibody to SMP30 was tested by ELISA method; SMP30 mRNA and protein expression in HCC patients were analyzed using the methods of in situ nucleic acid hybridization and immunohistochemistry, respectively.
In particular, increased levels of HSP70, HSP90, AKR1B1, AKR7A3, GCLM, ANXA5, VDBP, RGN and SULT1E1 were associated specifically with rat hepatomas, or with liver cancer progression in rat.
In this study we have cloned and characterized cDNA for regucalcin from human liver and human hepatoma cell line Hep G2 by screening and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE).