COX regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were performed to determine the relationship between RAR<i>β</i> expression and CRC prognosis.
It has been demonstrated that the chronic use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (COX inhibitors) partially protects patients from colorectal cancer (CRC) development and progression but induces severe cardiovascular side effects.
COX regression analysis indicated that low expression of CIAPIN1, cancer stage of > pT1, distant organ metastasis (pM1), regional lymph node metastasis (> pN1) and local recurrence (yes) were independent, poor prognostic factors of CRC (P = 0.012, P = 0.032, P <0.001, P <0.001, P <0.001 respectively).
Studies have shown that COX-2-derived PGE2 promotes CRC progression, and both nonselective COX inhibitors (NSAIDs) and selective COX-2 inhibitors (such as glucocorticoids) reduce the number and size of colonic adenomas.
5-ASA also inhibits the growth of DLD-1, a COX-deficient CRC cell line, thus suggesting that the anti-proliferative effect of 5-ASA on CRC cells is not strictly dependent on the inhibition of COX-2/PGE2.
Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are postulated to protect against colorectal cancer and adenomas at least in part by a cyclooxygenase (COX-mediated mechanism.
To cast light on the role(s) of COX enzymes in the development and progression of colorectal cancers and to determine the incidence of COX-2 overexpression, the expression levels of COX-1 and COX-2 proteins using Western blot analysis in tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues obtained from 44 Thai patients with colorectal cancer.