Recent studies have suggested a role for endothelial cell (EC) mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 4 (Map4k4) in developmental angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis as well as atherosclerosis.
Recent studies have suggested a role for endothelial cell (EC) mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 4 (Map4k4) in developmental angiogenesis and atherosclerosis.
Recent studies have shown that Map4k4 gene ablation or inhibition of its kinase activity attenuates hyperglycemia and plaque formation in mouse models of insulin resistance and atherosclerosis, and suggest roles for Map4k4 in multiple signaling systems, including NFκB activation, small GTPase regulation, the Hippo cascade, and regulation of cell dynamics by FERM domain proteins.
Three of the hypomethylated genes [Drosophila headcase (HECA), early B-cell factor 1 (EBF1) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2)] and three of the hypermethylated genes [human mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 4 (MAP4K4), zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) and FYN] were previously been implicated in atherosclerosis.