<b>Conclusion:</b> The SNPs of the rs6435156 and rs1048829 locus in the <i>BMPR2</i> gene, the rs121909287 loci in the <i>ACVRL1</i> gene, and the rs397514716 locus in the <i>SMAD9</i> gene were associated with a risk of EH in Han Chinese.
Cigarette smokers with rs6435156 (CT + TT) or rs1048829 (GT + TT) were more susceptible to COPD than that with the rs6435156CC or rs1048829GG genotypes.
Older age, cigarette smoking, family history of cancer and COPD were all factors that interacted with rs6435156C > T and rs1048829G > T causing increased COPD risk.
Older age, cigarette smoking, family history of cancer and COPD were all factors that interacted with rs6435156C > T and rs1048829G > T causing increased COPD risk.