Nevertheless, after the western blot validation only two of the remaining proteins, namely LIM and SH3 domain protein1, and short-chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase mitochondrial protein, resulted in being significantly upregulated in PBD samples suggesting additional mechanisms that could be associated with the psychotic features of bipolar disorder.
In this cross-sectional study, we examined the association between functional polymorphisms in the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensinogen (AGT) genes in 115 bipolar affective disorder (BPAD) patients and 323healthy control subjects.
As SZ and BD have some susceptibility genes in common and since unaffected first-degree relatives of these patients carry a high likelihood of these susceptibility genes, we aimed to elucidate the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) genetic variants in patients with SZ, BD and their first-degree relatives.
The aim of this study was an identification of mutations in the coding sequences of ADARB1 and TRPM2 and their association with bipolar affective disorder.
Mutations in ADARB1 gene are not commonly associated with bipolar I disorder, therefore other genes in the 21q22 region could be associated with bipolar illness in some families, likely in the context of a multifactorial transmission model.
Suggestive but notable results were (a) gene-based tests suggesting roles for adenylate cyclase 3 (ADCY3, 2p23.3) and galanin (GAL, 11q13.3); published functional evidence relates both of these to MDD and serotonergic signaling; (b) support for the bipolar disorder risk variant SNP rs1006737 in CACNA1C (P=0.020, odds ratio=1.10); and (c) lack of support for rs2251219, a SNP identified in a meta-analysis of affective disorder studies (P=0.51).
These findings with ADCY8 and ST3GAL1 warrant further investigation in order to confirm the observed associations and their functional significance for BP susceptibility.
This study did not provide evidence for the contribution of the PACAP gene to the etiology of schizophrenia or bipolar disorders in the Japanese population.
Recently, elevated plasma levels of ADM were found in patients with schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder and autism, suggesting the involvement of ADM in the pathophysiology of mental diseases.
Pathway analysis revealed significant upregulation of genes involved in G-protein coupled receptor signalling and response to stimulus (in particular the immune response), while genes relating to the ubiquitin cycle and intracellular transport showed coordinated downregulation in bipolar disorder.
Six kindreds containing multiple cases of manic-depressive illness were genotyped with highly polymorphic microsatellite polymorphisms for the D5 dopamine and alpha 2C-adrenergic receptor genes.