The analysis of the association between IL-10 levels and CVD prognosis indicated that higher IL-10 levels were significantly associated with a poor prognosis in patients with nonischemic pathologies (HR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.00-1.20, p = 0.043) but differentially associated with the prognosis of patients with ischemic pathologies based on the sampling time point (before percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI): HR = 4.90, 95% CI = 1.24-19.30, p < 0.001; after PCI: HR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.43-0.75, p = 0.023).
Testosterone replacement can suppress the levels of circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines and stimulate the production of interleukin-10 (IL-10) which has anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic actions in men with CVD.
However, trial sequential analysis does not allow us to draw any solid conclusion for the association between IL-10-592C/A or IL-10-1082G/A polymorphism and CVD risk.
Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a multifunctional anti-inflammatory cytokine involved in various physiological and pathophysiological processes including cardiovascular disease.
This study demonstrates that the IL-10-1082 'A' allele is associated with AAA, although this association is likely to be secondary to an association between IL-10-1082 genotype and other markers of cardiovascular disease rather than AAA per se.
High TNF-alpha was a risk factor for death from cardiovascular disease (relative risk [RR] = 1.56; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1-2.40), whereas high IL-10 was protective (RR = 0.58; 95% CI: 0.40-0.85).
Exercise enhances parasympathetic tone, and the production of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 which may explain the beneficial action of exercise in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus.