These results establish the cooperation between Par-4 and PTEN as relevant for the development of prostate cancer and implicate the NF-kappaB pathway as a critical event in prostate tumorigenesis.
Par-4 deficiency cooperates with PTEN haploinsufficiency in prostate cancer initiation and progression and their simultaneous inactivation, in addition to enhancing Akt activation, sets in motion a unique mechanism involving the synergistic activation of NFkappaB.
This review discusses salient features of molecules such as, Bcl-2, Bcl-(XL), NF-kappaB, Akt, PTEN and Par-4 that play a significant role in the regulation of prostate cancer and focuses on the prospects of effectively utilizing their potential for the therapy of hormone-sensitive and hormone-resistant prostate cancer.
Par-4 but not Bcl-2 was detected in the secretory epithelium of benign prostatic tumors and in primary and metastatic prostate cancers that are apt to undergo apoptosis.