The results of the study showed that both PTEN and TRAIL-loaded ZNPs proved anti-proliferative activity against HepG2 cell lines with IC<sub>50</sub> values of 0.09, 0.25 µg/ml, respectively.
Separation by cause of disease showed that HCC TRAIL mRNA expression was lower in almost all groups than in non-cancerous tissue but most significantly lower in NASH-associated liver tumors.
Here, we describe finding the best linker, that is, sequence encoding the four amino acids IETD, to join the tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) gene and the second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase (Smac) gene to form TRAIL-IETD-Smac and inserting it into oncolytic viral vector ZD55 to construct ZD55-TRAIL-IETD-Smac, which matched ZD55-TRAIL plus ZD55-Smac in completely eliminating xenograft hepatoma.
Overexpressing HBc significantly decreased TRAIL-induced apoptosis of human hepatoma cells, whereas knocking-down HBc expression in hepatoma cells transfected with HBV genome enhanced it.
Co-administration of soluble TRAIL (sTRAIL) gene and ACD suppressed the metastatic liver tumors of CT-26, significantly inducing apoptosis in the tumors, while such effects were not demonstrated in mice that received either the sTRAIL gene or ACD alone.