Mechanistically, circ-NSD2 acted as a sponge for the tumour suppressor miR-199b-5p and activated DDR1 (discoidin domain receptor tyrosine kinase 1) and JAG1 (Jagged 1) genes, which synergistically helped with cell-matrix interaction, migration and metastasis of CRC cells.
Analysis of cell migration and invasion capabilities showed that the inhibition effects on cell metastasis and invasion increased with sinulariolide concentration in AGS and NCI-N87 cells.
Whole genome expression arrays of the initially L1CAM high MeWo subcutaneous tumors revealed unchanged or downregulated genes involved in epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) except an upregulation of Jagged 1, indicating a compensatory change in Notch signaling especially as Jagged 1 expression showed an increase in MeWo L1CAM metastases and Jagged 1 was expressed in metastases of the initially L1CAM low MV3 cells as well.
Overexpression of YAP1 upregulated JAG1 to activate Notch signaling in U251 cells and YAP1-dependent activity of JAG1, and the Notch pathway promoted the metastasis of U251 cells <i>in vitro</i>.
When ODAM is overexpressed in MCF7 breast cancer cells and AGS gastric cancer cells that activate RhoA at high levels, it decreases motility, increases adhesion and inhibits the metastasis of MCF7 cells.
Tumor cells with JAG1 expressed on the membrane (JAG1(Mem)) were more likely to undergo extrahepatic metastasis [p<0.001; hazard ratio (HR), 0.166; 95% CI, 0.068-0.402], and JAG1(Mem) was a strong independent prognostic factor for metastasis (HR, 0.467; 95% CI, 0.271-0.806; p=0.006).
Knockdown of RON suppressed tumor cell migration and invasion in AGS and MKN28, induced apoptosis through modulation of anti-apoptotic and pre-apoptotic genes and induced cell cycle arrest by decreasing cyclin D1, cyclin D3 and CDK4, and by inducing p21 and p27 expression.
Compared to localized tumors, Notch1 expression was significantly elevated in metastatic tumors in T1 stage while Jagged1 expression was not statistically different between localized and metastatic tumors of all stages.
Forced expression of CTGF in AGS GC cells promoted their migration in culture and significantly increased tumor metastasis in nude mice, whereas RNA interference-mediated knockdown of CTGF in GC cells significantly inhibited cell migration in vitro.
In a series of human GC cell lines, caveolin-1 expression was low in cells derived from a primary tumor (AGS and SNU-1) but was increased in cell lines originating from distant metastases (MKN-7, MKN-45, NCI-N87, KATO-III, and SNU-5).