These findings suggest that mifepristone or other selective progesterone receptor modulators could be developed as a preventive treatment and postpone early use of prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomy as well as reduce the risk of ovarian cancer.
Estrogen receptor (ER) positivity and progesterone receptor (PR) positivity were significant protective factors against subsequent BC and ovarian cancer.
Expression of ER (Hazard Ratio (HR) = 0.18, 95% confidence interval 0.08-0.42, <i>p</i> = 0.0002) and of PR (HR = 0.22, 95% confidence interval 0.10-0.53, <i>p</i> = 0.0011) were significantly associated with longer ovarian cancer specific survival adjusted for age, grade, treatment center, stage, and residual disease.
Subgroup analysis showed that progesterone receptor expression was associated with a favorable prognosis of unclassified ovarian cancer, European origin, and immunohistochemical detection method.
This meta-analysis suggests that the two polymorphisms of PGR, Alu insertion and Val660Leu, may contribute to ovarian cancer susceptibility as low-penetrance risk factors.
Although numerous epidemiological studies have focused on the association of PGR PROGINS and +331G/A polymorphisms with ovarian cancer susceptibility, presently, available results remain controversial, in part due to low sample sizes.
Here we review the current data on mPR in mammalian systems including male and female reproductive tracts, liver, neuroendocrine tissues, the immune system and breast and ovarian cancer.
Previous studies have suggested that genetic variants in the progesterone receptor gene (PGR) may be associated with ovarian cancer risk, although results have been inconsistent.
The PROGINS allele of the progesterone receptor (PGR) gene has been associated with an increased risk of ovarian cancer and a decreased risk of breast cancer.
There is insufficient evidence that polymorphisms in either the PGR gene or the AR gene may be a risk factor for ovarian cancer, alone or in combination with other factors.
Our data provide evidence for the existence of an epidemiological link between a mutated progesterone receptor allele and ovarian cancer (odds ratio, 3.02; 95% confidence interval, 1.86-4.91).
A germline TaqI restriction fragment length polymorphism in the intron G of the progesterone receptor (PR) gene designated PROGINS was described to be associated with an increased risk for ovarian carcinoma.
To assess whether the progesterone receptor (PR) exon 4 valine to leucine amino acid variant is associated with specific tumour characteristics or with overall risk of ovarian cancer, we examined 551 cases of epithelial ovarian cancer and 298 unaffected controls for the underlying G-->T nucleotide substitution polymorphism.
A polymorphism in intron G of the human progesterone receptor (PgR), caused by an Alu insertion, was described to be associated with ovarian carcinoma in a pooled German/Irish population.
In conclusions, the dominancy of PR form B mRNA expression might be associated with the expression of a malignant phenotype in gynecologic cancers, and advanced clinical stage in ovarian cancers, suggesting a biological marker of malignant phenotype in these three types of cancer cell.