At diagnosis of pediatric diabetes, absence of all islet autoantibodies and modest hyperglycemia (HbA<sub>1c</sub> <7.5% [58 mmol/mol]) should result in testing for GCK, HNF1A, and HNF4A MODY.
Improvement of hyperglycemia in a murine model of insulin resistance and high glucose- and inflammasome-mediated IL-1β expressions in macrophages by silymarin.
A MODY 3 foetus needs a near-normal maternal glycemic control, because the exposure to intrauterine hyperglycemia can lead to an earlier age of diabetes onset.
Hyperglycemia in HNF-1α pregnancies is easily managed with current insulin protocols; in contrast, glycemic excursions are difficult to manage in GCK pregnancies.
Low prevalence of HNF1A mutations after molecular screening of multiple MODY genes in 58 Italian families recruited in the pediatric or adult diabetes clinic from a single Italian hospital.
Mutations in the genes encoding the transcription factors hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 alpha and 4 alpha in maturity-onset diabetes of the young and hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia.
In contrast, mutations in the genes encoding the transcription factors HNF1A and HNF4A cause a progressive insulin secretory defect and hyperglycaemia that can lead to vascular complications.
The appearance of fasting hyperglycaemia following rhGH treatment in children with renal cystic hypodysplasia suggests that investigation of the HNF1 beta gene is warranted, even when familial history is negative for diabetes.
We confirmed the effects of environmental and genetic factors known to modify the age at HNF1A-MODY diagnosis, namely intrauterine hyperglycemia (-5.1 years if present, P = 1.6 x 10(-10)) and HNF1A mutation position (-5.2 years if at least two isoforms affected, P = 1.8 x 10(-2)).
MODY1 and MODY3 mutations may interact by chance to give a more severe form of diabetes (younger age at presentation and early need of insulin therapy to control hyperglycemia).
We genetically analyzed four families of young children with fasting hyperglycemia with family histories of diabetes for mutations in the genes for hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF4alpha), glucokinase (GCK), and hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 alpha (HNF1alpha), the genes responsible for MODY1, MODY2, and MODY3, respectively.
The adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval for Type 2 diabetes among subjects who carried the HNF1AG319S mutation and had the modified metabolic syndrome (excluding hyperglycaemia) was 20.3 (6.94, 59.6).
HNF-1alpha gene mutations (MODY3) present with marked hyperglycemia in lean young adults and may, therefore, be mistaken for type 1 diabetes, with implications for individual treatment and risk of diabetes in other family members.
Determinants of the development of diabetes (maturity-onset diabetes of the young-3) in carriers of HNF-1alpha mutations: evidence for parent-of-origin effect.
Mutations in the human genes encoding the transcription factors of the hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)1 and HNF4 families: functional and pathological consequences.
A rapid screening method for hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 alpha frameshift mutations; prevalence in maturity-onset diabetes of the young and late-onset non-insulin dependent diabetes.