We provide evidence that ZRF1 plays an essential role for the early metastatic events <i>in vitro</i> and acts like a tumor suppressor protein during the progression of breast invasive ductal carcinoma into a more advanced stage.
We analyzed the changes in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy numbers and the shifting of mtDNA D310 sequence variations (D310 mutation) with their relationships to pathological status and the expression levels of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2/neu), tumor-suppressor protein p53 and cellular proliferation protein Ki-67 in breast invasive ductal carcinoma (BIDC), respectively.