In the present study, a HIV gag‑based VLP strategy and Bac‑to‑Bac system were utilized to construct Trop‑2, CD40L and gag recombinant baculoviruses, which were then used to infect TN5 cells in order to form Trop‑2 VLPs or Trop‑2‑CD40L VLPs.
Significant differences were found between HIV controllers and HIV progressors, with up-regulation of T(regs) , PD-1 and CTLA-4 and decrease of CD40L expression in progressors compared with controllers.
We examined the expression of CD40 on microglia in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) encephalitic brain, and the effects of CD40-CD40L interactions on the expression of chemokines by cultured microglia.