The SUMO4 codon 55 methionine to valine polymorphism may be exclusively associated with susceptibility to T1D, or the effect of the locus in GD and Addison's disease may be much less than that found in T1D patients.
SUMO4M55V variant was associated not only with type 1 diabetes [odds ratio (OR), 1.42; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.09-1.84; P = 0.0072], but also with increased risk of other autoimmune diseases, AITD (OR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.14-2.03; P = 0.0041) and RA without amyloidosis (OR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.65-2.24; P = 0.027), but not primary Sjögren's syndrome.
Recently six DNA variants, two of which (M55V and 001Msp) are present in nuclear factor-kappaB inhibitors SUMO-4 and MAP3K7IP2 and four of which (fcrl3_3, fcrl3_4, fcrl3_5, and fcrl3_6) modulate nuclear factor-kappaB binding and production of the B cell surface molecule FCRL3, have been reported to be associated with a number of autoimmune diseases.
Small ubiquitin-like modifier 4 (SUMO4) is involved in a range of autoimmune diseases and is known to downregulate the transcription activity of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB).
Functional polymorphisms of the solute carrier family 22, member 4 (SLC22A4), runt related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) and small ubiquitin-like modifier 4 (SUMO4) genes have been shown to be associated with several autoimmune diseases.
These results indicate that the SUMO4 is a more common autoimmune disease gene and a supplementary risk factor to type 1 diabetes in conjunction with class II HLA.
These results indicate that the SUMO4 is a more common autoimmune disease gene and a supplementary risk factor to type 1 diabetes in conjunction with class II HLA.
Previous studies suggested that the SUMO4 gene, located in the IDDM5 interval on chromosome 6q25, was associated with type I diabetes (T1D) and several other autoimmune diseases.
Small ubiquitin-like modifier 4 (SUMO4) has been identified as a candidate gene for the IDDM5 locus and suggested to have possible involvement in immune responses, such as autoimmunity and inflammation.
To replicate the association reported in Japanese individuals of functional SLC22A4 and RUNX1 polymorphisms with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and to test the possible role in this trait of a functional variant of the SUMO4 gene that was shown to be associated with another related autoimmune disease, type 1 diabetes (T1D).
Furthermore, the association of SUMO4M55V variant was stronger in type 1 diabetic patients complicated with AITD (OR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.06-2.47; P = 0.023) and in patients who have neither type 1 diabetes-susceptible class II HLA, DRB1*0405 nor DRB1*0901 (OR, 2.28; 95% CI, 1.34-3.87; P = 0.0018).
Candidate association studies based on a pathogenesis hypothesis laid the foundation for genetic research of uveitis and identified a large number of genes associated with VKH disease or BD including SUMO4, MCP-1, and CTLA4.
In conclusion, SUMO4 +438 C allele is associated with susceptibility to BD in HLA-B51 negative patients, while the AGAT haplotype is protectively associated with BD in HLA-B51 negative patients.
In conclusion, SUMO4 +438 C allele is associated with susceptibility to BD in HLA-B51 negative patients, while the AGAT haplotype is protectively associated with BD in HLA-B51 negative patients.
There were no differences in allelic or genotypic frequencies of the SUMO4C438T polymorphism between patients with BD and controls (P = 0.567 and P = 0.818, respectively).
We studied the association between a functionally relevant M55V polymorphism in the SUMO4 gene with microvascular diabetic complications in patients with type 1 diabetes.
We investigated the association between the SUMO4rs237025" genes_norm="387082">M55V (rs237025, c.163 G>A) and kidney disease in north Indian subjects with diabetes.
(b) The second network demonstrates novel interactions between GAPDH and inflammatory and proliferation candidate genes i.e., SUMO4 and EGFR indicating a new link between obesity and diabetes.