Associations of non-cardiovascular comorbidities with patient-rated health were explained by their associations with shortness of breath (diabetes, OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.32; chronic kidney disease [CKD, OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.38; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD], OR 95% CI 1.84, 1.62 to 2.10) and with fatigue (diabetes, OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.42; CKD, OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.38; COPD, OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.50 to 1.91).
We aimed to investigate whether subjects with COPD showing significant resting tidal F-V enveloping (ie, > 50% tidal volume) would present with higher exertional operating lung volumes, which would lead to greater burden of dyspnea and poorer exercise tolerance compared to their counterparts.
These patients were noted to be younger (59 versus 61 years, p < 0.001) and less likely to have insulin-dependent diabetes (3.0 versus 4.4%, p < 0.001), preoperative dyspnea (2.2 versus 6.0%, p < 0.001), COPD (3.0 versus 4.2%, p = 0.011), and hypertension (40.7 versus 46.9%, p < 0.001) than patients who stayed longer.
In the multivariate analysis, the usual COPD severity variables (age, dyspnea, lung function, and comorbidity) together with MMSE and BDI scores were significantly associated with CAT scores and explained 45% of the variability.
We analyzed the association of dyspnea severity, quality of life status, and lung function with lung function measurements and exacerbation risk in 982 patients enrolled in the Korea COPD Subgroup Registry and Subtype Research study.
In patients with COPD, diaphragmatic mobility seems to be associated with airway obstruction and lung hyperinflation, as well as with ventilatory capacity and the perception of dyspnea, although not with PADL.
The following five scenarios described patients with COPD: Case Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) A-smoker and Case GOLD A-nonsmoker were previously undiagnosed patients presenting with dyspnea, Case GOLD D-smoker and GOLD B-exsmoker were COPD patients presenting with exacerbation, Case GOLD B-smoker was a previously diagnosed COPD patient with dyspnea in stable phase, Case asthma-COPD overlap syndrome, and Case obesity hypoventilation syndrome.
The following associations emerged among respiratory symptom/disease cumulative incidence and risk factor exposure changes: a two-to-five fold higher risk for COPD, phlegm, cough, dyspnoea, asthma attacks, airway obstruction in persistent smokers; a two-to-three fold higher risk for COPD in remittent smokers; a two-fold higher risk for AR, phlegm and a four-fold higher risk for asthma in subjects with persistent occupational exposure; a two-fold higher risk for cough, phlegm, dyspnoea, AR in subjects with incident occupational exposure; a two-fold higher risk for AR, asthma attacks, COPD in subjects with incident traffic exposure.
Significant univariate risk factors differed between MINCX (preoperative dyspnea 27% vs 19%, COPD 32% vs19%, HTN 87% vs 79%, functional dependence 9% vs 3%) and MAJCX (female sex 33% vs 18%, preoperative diabetes 30% vs 17%, dyspnea 40% vs 19%, COPD 46% vs 20%, anticoagulant use 20% vs 11%, and functional dependence 13% vs 3%).
Finally, controlled pre-post comparisons were also made with patients from the Swiss COPD Cohort for three common outcome measures (dyspnoea [mMRC score], number of exacerbations and smoking status).
Subjects completed a questionnaire booklet that included 44 candidate items, the COPD Assessment Test (CAT), and the modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnea question.PEF and spirometry were also performed.
We evaluated the impact of respiratory symptoms (cough, phlegm, wheezing or dyspnea) in non-obstructed individuals, and among those classified as Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) stage 1, COPD on exacerbation frequency, mortality and FEV<sub>1</sub> decline, compared with asymptomatic individuals without airflow obstruction or restriction.
Smoking rates were described among four different phenotypes (non-exacerbators, asthma-COPD overlap syndrome [ACOS], exacerbators with emphysema, and exacerbators with chronic bronchitis), and correlated with disease severity (body mass index, obstruction, dyspnea and exacerbations [BODEx] index and dyspnea grade), quality of life according to the COPD assessment test (CAT), and presence of comorbidities, according to phenotypic expression.
Most patients had dyspnea with substantial disability (modified Medical Research Council dyspnea scale rating ≥2, 56.3%; large health status impairment from symptoms, COPD Assessment Test score >20, 64.4%).
VitaBreath is a portable, non-invasive ventilation device (pNIV) that relieves shortness of breath in COPD by delivering fixed inspiratory and expiratory positive airway pressures (IPAP/EPAP: 18/8 cmH<sub>2</sub>O).
Other significant improvements with IND/MF (QMF 149) vs Sal/Flu were noted for dyspnea at week 12 and other COPD symptoms and COPD rescue medication use over the 12 weeks.
The BODE score (incorporating body mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnea and exercise capacity) is used for the timing of listing for lung transplantation (LTx) in COPD, based on survival data from the original BODE cohort.
This randomized, double-blind, crossover study examined the physiological rationale for using a dual long-acting bronchodilator (umeclidinium/vilanterol (UME/VIL)) versus its muscarinic-antagonist component (UME) as treatment for dyspnea and exercise intolerance in moderate COPD.
One hundred and thirty-three patients with COPD were assessed at baseline by spirometry, pulse oximetry (SpO<sub>2</sub>), body composition, intensity of dyspnea, distance walked in the 6-minute walk test (6MWT), and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI).
Then, a randomized controlled trial consisting of 60 patients with II to IV COPD was conducted to evaluate effects of the modified Tai Chi on lung function (FEV<sub>1</sub>%), exercise capacity (Six minutes walking distance,6MWD), dyspnea symptom (Modified Medical Research Council Scale, mMRC) and health status (COPD Assessment Test, CAT).
The aims of this study were 1) to compare RC and religiosity in patients with COPD following PR and 2) to investigate associations between changes in RC, religiosity and exercise capacity, quality of life (QoL), anxiety, depression, and dyspnea.
Comparison between COPD Assessment Test (CAT) and modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnea scores for evaluation of clinical symptoms, comorbidities and medical resources utilization in COPD patients.
A flow-dependent conical positive expiratory pressure (PEP) resistor incorporated into a oronasal mask was developed, which might reduce dyspnea and dynamic hyperinflation and increase exercise endurance for patients with COPD.