Therefore, we evaluated the effects of 2 intensities of EPAP during exercise on tolerance, dynamic hyperinflation, and dyspnea in subjects with moderate to very severe COPD.
Life-space mobility (60.41±16.93 vs 71.07±16.28 points), dyspnea (8 [7-9] vs 11 [10-11] points), peripheral muscle strength (75.16±14.89 vs 75.50±15.13 mmHg), number of daily steps (4,865.4±2,193.3 vs 6,146.8±2,376.4 steps), and time spent in moderate to vigorous activity (197.27±146.47 vs 280.05±168.95 minutes) were lower among COPD group compared to control group (<i>p</i><0.05).
In patients with COPD, diaphragmatic mobility seems to be associated with airway obstruction and lung hyperinflation, as well as with ventilatory capacity and the perception of dyspnea, although not with PADL.
Obesity is prevalent among individuals with COPD and associated with worse COPD-related outcomes, ranging from QOL and dyspnea to 6MWD and severe AECOPD.
<b>Conclusions:</b> This study suggests that patients with stable moderate-to-severe COPD show higher activation in emotion-related brain areas than healthy controls during the anticipation, but not during the actual perception of experimentally induced dyspnea.
We analysed 490 participants with COPD with multivariable regression models to assess strengths of association between traditional CT metrics of disease and the Jacobian determinant with respiratory morbidity including dyspnoea (modified Medical Research Council), St Georges Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) score, 6-min walk distance (6MWD) and the Body Mass Index, Airflow Obstruction, Dyspnoea and Exercise Capacity (BODE) index, as well as all-cause mortality.
Information was collected on demographic and clinical characteristics, reliever inhaler use, dyspnea (mMRC), health status (CAT, EQ-5D), sleep quality (JSEQ) and healthcare resource use including moderate-severe COPD exacerbations, physician visits, COPD medications and other COPD related resources.
Significant univariate risk factors differed between MINCX (preoperative dyspnea 27% vs 19%, COPD 32% vs19%, HTN 87% vs 79%, functional dependence 9% vs 3%) and MAJCX (female sex 33% vs 18%, preoperative diabetes 30% vs 17%, dyspnea 40% vs 19%, COPD 46% vs 20%, anticoagulant use 20% vs 11%, and functional dependence 13% vs 3%).
Finally, controlled pre-post comparisons were also made with patients from the Swiss COPD Cohort for three common outcome measures (dyspnoea [mMRC score], number of exacerbations and smoking status).
Subjects completed a questionnaire booklet that included 44 candidate items, the COPD Assessment Test (CAT), and the modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnea question.PEF and spirometry were also performed.
Smoking rates were described among four different phenotypes (non-exacerbators, asthma-COPD overlap syndrome [ACOS], exacerbators with emphysema, and exacerbators with chronic bronchitis), and correlated with disease severity (body mass index, obstruction, dyspnea and exacerbations [BODEx] index and dyspnea grade), quality of life according to the COPD assessment test (CAT), and presence of comorbidities, according to phenotypic expression.
This randomized, double-blind, crossover study examined the physiological rationale for using a dual long-acting bronchodilator (umeclidinium/vilanterol (UME/VIL)) versus its muscarinic-antagonist component (UME) as treatment for dyspnea and exercise intolerance in moderate COPD.
Then, a randomized controlled trial consisting of 60 patients with II to IV COPD was conducted to evaluate effects of the modified Tai Chi on lung function (FEV<sub>1</sub>%), exercise capacity (Six minutes walking distance,6MWD), dyspnea symptom (Modified Medical Research Council Scale, mMRC) and health status (COPD Assessment Test, CAT).
The aims of this study were 1) to compare RC and religiosity in patients with COPD following PR and 2) to investigate associations between changes in RC, religiosity and exercise capacity, quality of life (QoL), anxiety, depression, and dyspnea.
A flow-dependent conical positive expiratory pressure (PEP) resistor incorporated into a oronasal mask was developed, which might reduce dyspnea and dynamic hyperinflation and increase exercise endurance for patients with COPD.
Associations of non-cardiovascular comorbidities with patient-rated health were explained by their associations with shortness of breath (diabetes, OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.32; chronic kidney disease [CKD, OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.38; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD], OR 95% CI 1.84, 1.62 to 2.10) and with fatigue (diabetes, OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.42; CKD, OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.38; COPD, OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.50 to 1.91).
As an essential part of the management of COPD, pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) alleviates dyspnea and fatigue, improves exercise tolerance and health-related quality of life, and reduces hospital admissions and mortality for COPD patients.
Subjects with COPD choose their walking speed so as to keep the dyspnea sensation tolerable and to keep gait variability and cost of transport at an acceptable level.