In the setting of ACS, GDF-15 is associated with long-term all-cause death, MACE and heart failure and provides incremental prognostic value beyond traditional risks factor.
Safety, Tolerability and efficacy of Rapid Optimization, helped by NT-proBNP and GDF-15, of Heart Failure therapies (STRONG-HF): rationale and design for a multicentre, randomized, parallel-group study.
Furthermore, we evaluated whether GDF-15 was associated with CV death or heart failure (HF) across the spectrum of risk in non-ST-segment elevation (NSTE)-ACS.
We aimed to analyse the association between high-level growth-differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) and mortality, recurrent MI and heart failure compared to low-level GDF-15 in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).
Higher NT-proBNP, hsTnT, and GDF-15 were also associated with a greater risk of HF with reduced EF; while higher NT-proBNP GDF-15 and sST2 were associated with HF with preserved EF.
GDF-15, a member of the transforming growth factor beta superfamily, regulates inflammatory and apoptotic pathways in various diseases, such as heart failure, kidney dysfunction, and cancer.