Receptor-recognized forms of the proteinase inhibitor α2-macroglobulin (α2M*) are the best-characterized ligands for GRP78, but in melanoma and other cancer patients, autoantibodies arise against the NH2-terminal domain of GRP78 that react with tumor cell-surface GRP78.
Our findings underscore a beneficial effect of DAC plus IFN-I combined treatment against melanoma through both direct and immune-mediated anti-tumor effects.
The role of arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) enzyme and impact of melatonin, as a major output factor of circadian rhythm, and its protective role in melanoma are discussed in details.
Overexpression of AATK inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation, and promoted apoptosis in melanoma cell lines derived from primary and metastatic melanomas.
Herein, we explored potential roles in melanoma tumorigenesis for host scavenger receptor class B, type 1 (SR-B1), and ATP-binding cassette transporters A1 (ABCA1) and G1 (ABCG1), all mediators of apoA-I and HDL sterol and lipid transport function.
ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCA1, a gene involved in the cellular lipid removal pathway is over-expressed in resistant M14 melanoma as compared to the sensitive MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells.
These results demonstrate that p53 mutational status is a determinant of melanoma chemosensitivity. p53 may downregulate bcl-2 and P-glycoprotein to induce apoptosis in melanoma cells after chemotherapy.
The study evaluated the contribution of serum PS100 assay to the detection of lymph node metastases during the follow-up of patients previously treated for a malignant melanoma, in addition to (99m)Tc sestamibi (MIBI) scintigraphy and investigation for gene MDR1, in order to detect chemoresistance phenomena.
In addition, the SP showed enhanced expression of genes related to cell invasion and migration, as well as to putative (melanoma) cancer stem cells (CSC) including ABCB1 and JARID1B.
All the uveal melanomas studied expressed significant levels of the MDR-related MDR1, MRP1 (MDR-related protein 1) and LRP/MVP (lung resistance protein/major vault protein) messenger RNAs (mRNAs), produced their corresponding proteins and were able to functionally extrude daunomycin.
In conclusion, these novel findings imply that the MDR1(+) cells represent melanoma stem cells and thus should be considered as a unique cellular target for future anti-melanoma therapies.
Studies in four melanoma cell lines with various genetic backgrounds showed an increase in the proliferation and migration capacity of mutant ABCB5-expressing cells, suggesting that ABCB5 plays a role in the development of melanoma as a tumor suppressor gene.
This is the first study showing the relationship between miR-340-5p and expression of ABCB5, a transmembrane transporter involved in drug resistance considered as a marker of melanoma stem-like cells.
In vivo, melanoma-specific shRNA-mediated knockdown of VEGFR-1 blocked the development of ABCB5(+) VM morphology and inhibited ABCB5(+) VM-associated production of the secreted melanoma mitogen laminin.
However, definitive markers for the purification and further characterization of melanoma-initiating cells remained elusive.Recently, Schatton et al. provided solid evidence that the doxorubicin-resistant ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCB5 marks primitive cells capable of recapitulating melanomas in xenotransplantation models.
ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 5 (ABCB5) has been identified as a tumour-initiating cell marker and is expressed in various malignancies, including melanoma.