|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
All subjects were persistently positive for at least one of the T1D-associated biochemically defined autoantibodies (insulin autoantibody, GAD antibody, or IA-2 antibody), and 136 subjects presented with T1D over a median follow-up of 4.3 years (range 0.0-12.5) after the appearance of the first autoantibody.
|
22357962 |
2012 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Peptides of proinsulin and GAD shown to be recognized by CD4+ T cells of type 1 diabetes patients have been selected from the literature and modified with Ii-Key.
|
21512962 |
2011 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
We investigated the association of HLA class II (DR and DQ) alleles and haplotypes with the presence of GAD and IA-2 autoantibodies in T1D.
|
21490167 |
2011 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Evidence that HLA class I and II associations with type 1 diabetes, autoantibodies to GAD and autoantibodies to IA-2, are distinct.
|
21831970 |
2011 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
One explanation for these data is the differences in epitope engagement between the anti-GAD reactivity in SPS and T1D: in both diseases, anti-GAD antibody reactivity is predominantly to a conformational epitope region in the PLP- and C-terminal domains of the 65 kDa isoform but, additionally in SPS, there is reactivity to conformational epitope(s) on GAD67, and short linear epitopes in the C-terminal region and at the N-terminus of GAD65.
|
21680149 |
2011 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
GAD and/or IA-2 antibodies were present in 80/98 (82%) patients with Type 1 diabetes and 5/508 (< 1%) patients with maturity-onset diabetes of the young.
|
21395678 |
2011 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
A total of 150 infants with a first-degree family history of type 1 diabetes and a risk HLA genotype were randomly assigned to a first gluten exposure at age 6 months (control group) or 12 months (late-exposure group) and were followed 3 monthly until the age of 3 years and yearly thereafter for safety (for growth and autoantibodies to transglutaminase C [TGCAs]), islet autoantibodies to insulin, GAD, insulinoma-associated protein 2, and type 1 diabetes.
|
21515839 |
2011 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
We have shown that treatment with alum-formulated glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD-alum) preserved residual insulin secretion and induced antigen-specific responses in children with recent onset type 1 diabetes.
|
21044870 |
2011 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Genotype frequencies, measures of insulin secretion, and metabolic traits within LADA differed according to GAD antibody (GADA) quartiles, but even the highest quartile differed from type 1 diabetes.
|
20805278 |
2010 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
The majority of the strongly associated HLA haplotypes for type 1 diabetes were significantly associated with LADA in general, but mainly with high anti-GAD LADA patients.
|
19833889 |
2010 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
We aimed to document prevalence and clinical presentations of seropositivities for glutamate decarboxylase (GAD)-antibody, celiac's disease (CD) and autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) in adult patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), and their first-degree relatives.
|
18218004 |
2009 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
The risk was increased in girls (adjusted HR 2.0; 95% CI 1.2-3.4; p = 0.008), in children who had multiple first-degree family history of type 1 diabetes (adjusted HR 3.3; 95% CI 1.4-8.0; p = 0.006) and in children who also had antibodies to GAD (adjusted HR 3.0; 95% CI 1.5-5.9; p = 0.001).
|
19018508 |
2009 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
GAD autoantibody affinity and epitope specificity identify distinct immunization profiles in children at risk for type 1 diabetes.
|
17325256 |
2007 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
To compare the predictive characteristics of autoantibodies to GAD (GADA) and islet antigen 2 (IA-2A) for type 1 diabetes between siblings of affected children and children from the general population.
|
17768605 |
2007 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.100 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
This report clearly illustrates the differences in terms of autoimmunity (prevalence and titer of GAD and IA2 antibodies) and HLA class II genotype between patients with LADA and those with juvenile type 1 diabetes.
|
17395515 |
2007 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Moreover, we found a significant correlation between autoimmune-related type 1 diabetes with HLA DR9 and detection of GAD-reactive Th1 (T helper 1)-type cells.
|
17130562 |
2006 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
MHC class I chain-related gene-A is associated with IA2 and IAA but not GAD in Swedish type 1 diabetes mellitus.
|
17130560 |
2006 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
There was an association between T cell reactivity against GAD and HLA DR9 in Japanese type 1 diabetes.
|
15699491 |
2004 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.100 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
However, the prevalences of anti-islet autoantibodies in patients with Japanese type 1 diabetes are 60-70% for GAD autoantibodies, 45-50% for insulin autoantibodies (IAA), and 60-65% for IA-2 autoantibodies at disease onset, which are similar to those reported in Caucasian patients.
|
15699499 |
2004 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.100 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Autoantibodies to the 65-kDa isoform of GAD (GAD65Abs) are associated with type 1 diabetes development, but the conformational nature of the GAD65Ab epitopes complicates the evaluation of disease risk.
|
14578287 |
2003 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Group 1 (type 1 diabetes in adults) was characterized by CP less than 200 pmol/L and anti-GAD more or less than 50 ng/mL (n = 80).
|
14675393 |
2003 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Entry criteria were a first-degree family history of Type 1 diabetes, age 3-40 years, confirmed islet cell antibody (ICA) levels greater than or equal to 20 JDF units, and a non-diabetic OGTT; the study group was further characterised by intravenous glucose tolerance testing, measurement of antibodies to GAD, IA-2 and insulin and HLA class II genotyping.
|
12687331 |
2003 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
We conclude that considerable heterogeneity exists in Scandinavian subjects with EOD; 24% had MODY or maternally inherited diabetes and deafness, and approximately 60% were GAD antibody positive or had type 1 diabetes-associated HLA genotypes.
|
11978663 |
2002 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Our results indicate that autoreactivity to GAD25 is rare in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes and does not underlie GAD67 reactivity.
|
12515288 |
2002 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Anti-GAD antibodies and ICA were rare, but 38.1% IT vs. 1.1% controls had Type 1 diabetes HLA susceptibility haplotypes (P < 0.001) without significant difference between the subgroups.
|
12358870 |
2002 |