|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
We found that T1D could be subtyped as four groups based on anti-GAD Ab and IgE profile: Subtype 1, anti-GAD Ab positive and non-elevated IgE (47.0%); Subtype 2, anti-GAD Ab negative and non-elevated IgE (35.1%); Subtype 3, anti-GAD Ab positive and elevated IgE (10.9%); and Subtype 4, anti-GAD Ab negative and elevated IgE (7.0%).
|
28826655 |
2017 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
To compare the predictive characteristics of autoantibodies to GAD (GADA) and islet antigen 2 (IA-2A) for type 1 diabetes between siblings of affected children and children from the general population.
|
17768605 |
2007 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Evidence that HLA class I and II associations with type 1 diabetes, autoantibodies to GAD and autoantibodies to IA-2, are distinct.
|
21831970 |
2011 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
GAD-alum given into lymph nodes to type 1 diabetes patients participating in an open-label pilot trial resulted in preservation of C-peptide similar to promising results from other trials.
|
30009185 |
2018 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Genotype frequencies, measures of insulin secretion, and metabolic traits within LADA differed according to GAD antibody (GADA) quartiles, but even the highest quartile differed from type 1 diabetes.
|
20805278 |
2010 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Our results indicate that autoreactivity to GAD25 is rare in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes and does not underlie GAD67 reactivity.
|
12515288 |
2002 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Median SI to GAD was higher in the patients with IDDM than in the control subjects (3.10 vs. 1.55; P = 0.03, Mann-Whitney U-test).
|
10588452 |
1999 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Ninety-nine patients aged 4-18 years with newly diagnosed T1DM are randomized into three treatment groups: 1) oral GABA twice daily in addition to two injections of recombinant GAD enzyme, 2) oral GABA plus placebo GAD injections, or 3) placebo GABA and placebo GAD.
|
31229619 |
2019 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
To study T-cell reactivity towards GAD, peripheral blood leucocytes from seven patients with IDDM and five control subjects were stimulated in vitro with recombinant GAD.
|
8552991 |
1995 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Since glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) is a candidate primary autoantigen, we examined the possible linkage between IDDM and the genes encoding GAD65 (GAD2, 10p11-12) and GAD67 (GAD1, 2q31) in 58 Danish IDDM affected sib pairs.
|
9048916 |
1997 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.100 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Autoantibodies to the 65-kDa isoform of GAD (GAD65Abs) are associated with type 1 diabetes development, but the conformational nature of the GAD65Ab epitopes complicates the evaluation of disease risk.
|
14578287 |
2003 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
The gamma-aminobutyrate-synthesizing enzyme glutamate decarboxylase (GAD; L-glutamate 1-carboxy-lyase, EC 4.1.1.15) is a major target of autoantibodies associated with both early and late stages of pancreatic beta-cell destruction and development of type 1 diabetes.
|
7681990 |
1993 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
In this study we investigated the contribution of the amino terminus to the IDDM epitope on GAD65, in order to test whether this region of GAD could explain the difference in reactivity between GAD65 and GAD67.
|
9892508 |
1998 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Group 1 (type 1 diabetes in adults) was characterized by CP less than 200 pmol/L and anti-GAD more or less than 50 ng/mL (n = 80).
|
14675393 |
2003 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
One explanation for these data is the differences in epitope engagement between the anti-GAD reactivity in SPS and T1D: in both diseases, anti-GAD antibody reactivity is predominantly to a conformational epitope region in the PLP- and C-terminal domains of the 65 kDa isoform but, additionally in SPS, there is reactivity to conformational epitope(s) on GAD67, and short linear epitopes in the C-terminal region and at the N-terminus of GAD65.
|
21680149 |
2011 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
They focused testing on patients negative for both GAD and islet antigen 2 (IA-2) islet autoantibodies, thereby ruling out those with markers of type 1 diabetes, the most common form of diabetes in this age group.
|
28132100 |
2017 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
GAD65, but not GAD67, is a prevalent autoantigen, with autoantibodies to GAD65 being detected at high frequency in patients with autoimmune (type 1) diabetes and certain other autoimmune disorders.
|
24927554 |
2014 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.100 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
However, the prevalences of anti-islet autoantibodies in patients with Japanese type 1 diabetes are 60-70% for GAD autoantibodies, 45-50% for insulin autoantibodies (IAA), and 60-65% for IA-2 autoantibodies at disease onset, which are similar to those reported in Caucasian patients.
|
15699499 |
2004 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
All subjects were persistently positive for at least one of the T1D-associated biochemically defined autoantibodies (insulin autoantibody, GAD antibody, or IA-2 antibody), and 136 subjects presented with T1D over a median follow-up of 4.3 years (range 0.0-12.5) after the appearance of the first autoantibody.
|
22357962 |
2012 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
This epitope as well as GAD 505-519 induces T cell responses despite binding the type I diabetes associated HLA-DQA1*0301/DQB1*0302 product with low affinity.
|
9885897 |
1998 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
They suggest that GAD is an important target of autoimmunity associated with type 1 diabetes.
|
7614998 |
1995 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Association of Autoimmune Thyroid Disease with Anti-GAD Antibody ELISA Test Positivity and Risk for Insulin Deficiency in Slowly Progressive Type 1 Diabetes.
|
30116734 |
2018 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
A natural history analysis of three individuals showed conversions from ICA which was reactive to GAD to a non-GAD-reactive ICA nearer to their clinical onsets of IDD.
|
8423231 |
1993 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.100 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) antibodies are the most widely used predictive marker for Type 1 diabetes, but many individuals currently found to be GAD antibody-positive are unlikely to develop diabetes.
|
29577424 |
2018 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.100 |
AlteredExpression
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Significant inhibition of GAD enzymatic activity by serum immunoglobulins, a potential cause of false-negative results in our immunoprecipitation assay, was not detected in seven subjects who developed IDDM in the absence of GADAb.
|
7888043 |
1994 |