|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.300 |
AlteredExpression
|
disease |
BEFREE |
The practicability of using recombinant GAD65 and GAD67 derived from the baculovirus expression system for the development of an immunoassay for the diagnosis of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is discussed.
|
8370667 |
1993 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.300 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
The data illustrate that antibodies against GAD-65 are present in a majority of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and that autoantibodies against other islet cell antigens also exist.
|
8486775 |
1993 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.300 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
The clinical onset of insulin-dependent diabetes is associated with several autoimmune phenomena including islet cell antibodies, glutamic acid decarboxylase (the GAD65 isoform) autoantibodies (GAD65Ab) as well as insulin autoantibodies.
|
7821743 |
1994 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.300 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
In competition analysis with unlabeled purified recombinant human islet GAD65, binding to tracer was inhibited in 74% (74 of 100) of the GAD65-positive IDDM serum samples compared with 2% of the control samples.
|
8314020 |
1994 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.300 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
The first pattern, detected in 25 of 35 SMS patients (71%), of whom 11 had IDDM (44%), was predominantly reactive with a linear NH2-terminal epitope residing in the first eight amino acids of GAD65.
|
7519242 |
1994 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.300 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
The frequency of GAD65 autoantibodies in Black American IDDM patients is comparable to that in Caucasians; however ICA positivity is reduced.
|
8882419 |
1995 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.300 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
To determine whether variation in the GAD65 gene plays a role in genetic susceptibility to IDDM, possibly explaining the reported evidence for linkage on 10p, we isolated cosmid clones containing GAD65, and identified a highly polymorphic dinucleotide repeat physically linked to the gene.
|
8679901 |
1995 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.300 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
The findings suggest that none of the single antibody specificities are as sensitive as islet cell antibodies, but that a combination of GAD65 antibodies and antibodies to 37,000/40,000 M(r) islet tryptic fragments has the potential to identify more than 90% of future cases of IDDM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
7556984 |
1995 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.300 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
In vitro stimulation with glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) leads to an oligoclonal response of peripheral T-cells in an IDDM patient.
|
8552991 |
1995 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.300 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
In conclusion, T cell clones to specific epitopes of GAD 65 provide a model to clarify those differences in the immune response to this autoantigen between controls and IDDM patients.
|
8816975 |
1996 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.300 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
The results suggest that, in humans, an antigen driven B cell activation and affinity maturation process may contribute to the production of GAD65-autoantibodies found in patients with IDDM.
|
8816973 |
1996 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.300 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Tests for the detection of autoantibodies to recombinant IA-2 and GAD65 may eventually replace ICA immunofluorescence for IDDM population screening.
|
8692821 |
1996 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.300 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
At the same time, the molecular cloning of human islet GAD65 and the development of precise and reproducible GAD65Ab assays with recombinant human GAD65 has given new insights to the problem of to what extent HLA control the development of a GAD65 immune response or to the development of IDDM.Recent data are briefly reviewed.
|
8689840 |
1996 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.300 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
In the case of type 1 diabetes, T cell and B cell reactivity to the autoantigen glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65) is associated with disease development in humans and in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice.
|
8958223 |
1996 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.300 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Immunodominant GAD65 epitopes defined in transgenic mice correspond to GAD65 regions previously shown to elicit T cell responses specifically in DR0401 IDDM patients, underscoring the validity of this approach.
|
9223318 |
1997 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.300 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
We therefore characterized GAD65 antibody and investigated the effect of HLA-DR phenotypes on GAD65 autoimmunity and other clinical characteristics in Taiwanese subjects with IDDM.
|
9404444 |
1997 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.300 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Autoantibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) are present in the sera of most patients with recently diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM).
|
9368643 |
1997 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.300 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
We have generated T cell lines (TCL) with specificity for the IDDM autoantigen 65 kDa glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) from lymphocytes of two patients carrying HLA class II alleles associated with distinct risk of IDDM (DRB1*0101/0401 and 1302/1501).
|
9237801 |
1997 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.300 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Since glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) is a candidate primary autoantigen, we examined the possible linkage between IDDM and the genes encoding GAD65 (GAD2, 10p11-12) and GAD67 (GAD1, 2q31) in 58 Danish IDDM affected sib pairs.
|
9048916 |
1997 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.300 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Associations of GAD65- and IA-2- autoantibodies with genetic risk markers in new-onset IDDM patients and their siblings. The Belgian Diabetes Registry.
|
9314633 |
1997 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.300 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Our data reveal that (a) the T cell response to GAD65 is quite heterogenous in recent onset IDDM patients; (b) HLA-DR, not DQ, seems to be the principal restriction element used by T cells present at the onset of the disease; and (c) T cells responding to epitopes containing identical sequences to Coxsackie virus P2-C protein were not detected.
|
9153283 |
1997 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.300 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Autoantibodies to the islet-cell 65-kDa variant of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD65) are found in most insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients many years before the appearance of clinical symptoms of the disease.
|
9208924 |
1997 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.300 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
In study B we tested (in blind fashion) 89 recoded sample sera or standards that were part of the larger group used in the Second International GAD Antibody Workshop, finding GAD65 autoantibodies in 3.3% of healthy control subjects (1/30), 60% of IDDM patients (18/30), 100% of ICA + nondiabetic subjects (3/3) but in none of 4 nondiabetic patients with Graves disease.
|
9368637 |
1997 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.300 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
T cell responses to GAD65 peptides have been detected in both patients with type I diabetes and in the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse.
|
9885897 |
1998 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.300 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Thus, the failure of NOD mice to develop tolerance toward GAD65 reflects at minimum a basic defect in central tolerance, not seen in animals not predisposed to IDDM.
|
9707599 |
1998 |