Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) in combination with hyperinsulinemia increase blood flow and triglyceride clearance in subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue in lean humans.
Circulating concentrations of the incretin hormone, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) correlate with an increased insulin response to carbohydrate intake in animals with EMS.
In conclusion, enhanced GIP secretion induced by mHFD-feeding contributes to increased insulin secretion and body weight gain, whereas GIP is marginally involved in weight gain induced by ST-feeding.
Compared with IV administration, enteral dextrose increased circulating levels of the incretin hormone glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) associated with increased insulin release and insulin sensitivity, improved mean arterial pressure, and decreased proinflammatory cytokines in endotoxemic mice.
Insulin levels were equivalently elevated in both Lep<sup>ob/ob</sup>/GIP<sup>+/+</sup> and Lep<sup>ob/ob</sup>/GIP<sup>gfp/gfp</sup> mice compared to controls at 8 weeks of age but the hyperinsulinemia was marginally reduced in Lep<sup>ob/ob</sup>/GIP<sup>gfp/gfp</sup> by 21 weeks, in association with amelioration of glucose intolerance.