|
Squamous cell carcinoma
|
0.600 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Using Southern blot and ISH, c-myc and/or c-Ha-ras gene amplification was detected in 7/13 SCC tested.
|
8907200 |
1996 |
|
Squamous cell carcinoma
|
0.600 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
HA-RAS mutations are rare in human SCC, but HA-RAS-mutated tumors appear in melanoma patients treated with B-raf inhibitors, indicating that initiated, HA-RAS-mutated stem cells also reside in human skin.
|
23266722 |
2013 |
|
Squamous cell carcinoma
|
0.600 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Characteristic codon 61 mutations in the Ha-ras gene were found in most of the papillomas and SCCs induced by DMBA and TPA in transgenic as well as nontransgenic mice.
|
9115586 |
1997 |
|
Squamous cell carcinoma
|
0.600 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
We analysed the presence of EGFR and concomitant HRAS mutations in a German cohort of 31 patients with cutaneous SCC by direct sequencing of EGFR and SNaPshot analysis of concomitant RAS mutations.
|
21771097 |
2011 |
|
Squamous cell carcinoma
|
0.600 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
CTD_human |
Functional kinomics identifies candidate therapeutic targets in head and neck cancer.
|
25125259 |
2014 |
|
Squamous cell carcinoma
|
0.600 |
AlteredExpression
|
disease |
BEFREE |
By NIH3T3 transfection assay in conjunction with in vitro transient neomycin selection, activated c-H-ras-1 oncogenes were detected in two squamous cell carcinoma cell lines, ZA and HOC-313, newly established from human oral cancer patients.
|
2654810 |
1989 |
|
Squamous cell carcinoma
|
0.600 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
This investigation of oral squamous carcinoma in five individuals revealed that four of the patients were constitutionally heterozygous at the c-Ha-ras-1 locus and that the tumour from one patient had lost that heterozygosity.
|
2568483 |
1989 |
|
Squamous cell carcinoma
|
0.600 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Both HRAS mutant SCC and BCC biopsies were HPV- and CMV-positive, as well.
|
19849697 |
2010 |
|
Squamous cell carcinoma
|
0.600 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
A cellular model reflecting the phenotypic heterogeneity of mutant HRAS driven squamous cell carcinoma.
|
27074337 |
2016 |
|
Squamous cell carcinoma
|
0.600 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Whether c-Ha-ras homozygosity has any bearing on genetic susceptibility to SCC remains to be established.
|
2690853 |
1989 |
|
Squamous cell carcinoma
|
0.600 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Topographic genotyping with subsequent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequence analysis of K-ras-2 showed mutations in significantly fewer cases of PC (9%, 2 of 22 cases) than in AdC (36%, 35 of 97 cases) or SqC (0%, 0 of 42 cases) (P < .001).
|
8853037 |
1996 |
|
Squamous cell carcinoma
|
0.600 |
AlteredExpression
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Elevated expression of Ha-ras, Ki-ras and myc oncogenes was found in pleomorphic salivary adenoma (PSA), but at a lower level than SCC.
|
3019219 |
1986 |
|
Squamous cell carcinoma
|
0.600 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
The Ha-ras mutations (61A-->T transversions in the second position) were found in five of 29 (17%) samples (one dysplasia and four SCCs).
|
8519419 |
1995 |
|
Squamous cell carcinoma
|
0.600 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
The results indicated that all three NIH 3T3 transformants, 11 of 24 (46%) SCCs, and 5 of 16 (31%) BCCs contained mutations at the second position of Ha-ras codon 12 (GGC----GTC), predicting a glycine-to-valine amino acid substitution, whereas only 1 of 40 skin cancers (an SCC) displayed a mutation in the first position of Ki-ras codon 12 (GGT----AGT), predicting a glycine-to-serine amino acid change.
|
2064725 |
1991 |
|
Squamous cell carcinoma
|
0.600 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
In addition, within the BRAF inhibitor-associated group, the lesions designated as KAs and BRAF inhibitor-associated verrucous keratoses had a similar mutational profile (mutations in PIK3CA, APC, and HRAS), which was distinct to that seen in squamous cell carcinomas (FGFR3, CDKN2A, and STK11).
|
26319365 |
2015 |
|
Squamous cell carcinoma
|
0.600 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
CTD_human |
Common oncogenic mutations are infrequent in oral squamous cell carcinoma of Asian origin.
|
24224046 |
2013 |
|
Squamous cell carcinoma
|
0.600 |
AlteredExpression
|
disease |
BEFREE |
An HRAS oncogene activated by a different mechanism was detected in an epidermoid carcinoma.
|
1996309 |
1991 |
|
Squamous cell carcinoma
|
0.600 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Squamous cell carcinomas in psoralen-plus-ultraviolet A (PUVA) treated patients frequently exhibit p53 tumor suppressor genes and Ha-ras protooncogenes that are mutated at dipyrimidine sites and carry the ultraviolet fingerprint (i.e., C-to-T or CC-to-TT transitions).
|
12648234 |
2003 |
|
Squamous cell carcinoma
|
0.600 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Interestingly, DNA from both primary and secondary transformants of one particular human squamous cell carcinoma contained highly amplified copies of the Ha-ras oncogene.
|
3370635 |
1988 |
|
Squamous cell carcinoma
|
0.600 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
A relatively high percentage (30%) of HRAS mutations was found in the keratoacanthomas compared with 13% in the squamous cell carcinomas.
|
2668964 |
1989 |
|
Squamous cell carcinoma
|
0.600 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
We have utilized an in vitro correlate of squamous cell carcinogenesis, in which progression stages from normal squamous epithelium to dysplastic lesions and to SCC are represented by primary cultures of normal keratinocytes, by human papilloma virus-immortalized keratinocytes (UP) and by HPVimmortalized/v-Ha-ras transfected tumorigenic keratinocytes (UPR).
|
10783309 |
2000 |
|
Squamous cell carcinoma
|
0.600 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Forty-two cases of squamous cell carcinoma arising in the upper aerodigestive tract were examined to determine the incidence and type of point mutation in codon 12 of the c-K-ras gene by using the polymerase chain reaction and oligonucleotide hybridization techniques on DNA extracted from paraffin blocks.
|
2064275 |
1991 |
|
Squamous cell carcinoma
|
0.600 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
LHGDN |
The aim of the study was to assess the frequency of Ha-ras oncogene mutations in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade III and invasive squamous cell carcinomas and to examine this genetic factor in relation to HPV infection and the clinical evolution of cervical lesions.
|
12878090 |
2003 |
|
Squamous cell carcinoma
|
0.600 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Paraffin sections of 11 squamous cell carcinomas of the cheek pouch were used to detect mutated Ha-ras alleles.
|
1497802 |
1992 |
|
Squamous cell carcinoma
|
0.600 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Point mutations in codon 61 of the human Ha-ras gene were detected in the SCC, five of six analyzed actinic keratoses and in non-lesional epidermis of DMBA- and UVB-treated grafts, indicating that DMBA as well as UVB alone can induce these mutations in human skin.
|
11756239 |
2002 |