|
melanoma
|
0.500 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Current ATP-competitive RAF inhibitors are active in cancers with somatic RAF mutations, such as BRAF(V600) mutant melanomas.
|
23808890 |
2013 |
|
melanoma
|
0.500 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
If the response to RAF kinase inhibition is dependent on the presence of an activated BRAF protein, it will be necessary to evaluate cases of malignant melanoma for the presence or absence of BRAF mutations.
|
15948115 |
2005 |
|
melanoma
|
0.500 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
RAF inhibitor therapy yields significant reductions in tumour burden in the majority of V600E-positive melanoma patients; however, resistance occurs within 2-18 months.
|
24849047 |
2014 |
|
melanoma
|
0.500 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
RAF inhibitors such as vemurafenib and dabrafenib block BRAF-mediated cell proliferation and achieve meaningful clinical benefit in the vast majority of patients with BRAF(V600E)-mutant melanoma.
|
23288408 |
2013 |
|
melanoma
|
0.500 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Patients with mutant BRAF melanoma that progress on RAF inhibitors have limited treatment options, and drug removal from resistant tumors may elicit multiple effects.
|
24520098 |
2014 |
|
melanoma
|
0.500 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Drugs that inhibit RAF/MEK signaling, such as vemurafenib, elicit profound but often temporary anti-tumor responses in patients with BRAF(V) (600E) melanoma.
|
25814555 |
2015 |
|
melanoma
|
0.500 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Resistance to the RAF inhibitor vemurafenib arises commonly in melanomas driven by the activated BRAF oncogene.
|
29343524 |
2018 |
|
melanoma
|
0.500 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
LHGDN |
Thus, a fundamental switch in RAF isoform usage occurs when RAS is mutated in melanoma, and this occurs in the context of disrupted cAMP signaling.
|
17018604 |
2006 |
|
melanoma
|
0.500 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
The protein kinase B-RAF is a human oncogene that is mutated in approximately 70% of human melanomas and transforms mouse melanocytes.
|
16129781 |
2005 |
|
melanoma
|
0.500 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Specific mutations of RAF kinases, such as the prevalent BRAF(V600E) mutation in melanoma, or defects in upstream signaling or feedback loops cause decoupled kinase activities which lead to tumorigenesis.
|
28466200 |
2019 |
|
melanoma
|
0.500 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Melanomas harboring the BRAF V600E mutation have demonstrated sensitivity to both RAF and MAPK/extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitors in vitro and in vivo.
|
24077403 |
2013 |
|
melanoma
|
0.500 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
We conclude that loss of NF1 is common in cutaneous melanoma and is associated with RAS activation, MEK-dependence, and resistance to RAF inhibition.
|
24576830 |
2014 |
|
melanoma
|
0.500 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
We sought to preemptively determine mutations in ERK1/2 that confer resistance to either ERK inhibitors or combined RAF/MEK inhibition in BRAF(V600)-mutant melanoma.
|
25320010 |
2014 |
|
melanoma
|
0.500 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Dissecting therapeutic resistance to RAF inhibition in melanoma by tumor genomic profiling.
|
21383288 |
2011 |
|
melanoma
|
0.500 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Elevated CRAF as a potential mechanism of acquired resistance to BRAF inhibition in melanoma.
|
18559533 |
2008 |
|
melanoma
|
0.500 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Next, in a melanoma model, we screened for genes whose loss is involved in resistance to vemurafenib, a therapeutic RAF inhibitor.
|
24336571 |
2014 |
|
melanoma
|
0.500 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Recent clinical and therapeutic success with RAF and MEK1/2 inhibitors has revolutionized the existing treatment schemes for previously incurable cancers like melanomas.
|
31662208 |
2019 |
|
melanoma
|
0.500 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
To investigate the mechanism(s) of resistance to the RAF-inhibitor vemurafenib, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the genetic alterations occurring in metastatic lesions from a patient with a BRAF(V600E)-mutant cutaneous melanoma who, after a first response, underwent subsequent rechallenge with this drug.
|
23948972 |
2013 |
|
melanoma
|
0.500 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
However, first-generation RAF inhibitors approved for adult melanoma have poor blood-brain penetrance and are only effective on tumors that express the canonical BRAFV600E oncoprotein, which functions as a monomer.
|
28082416 |
2017 |
|
melanoma
|
0.500 |
AlteredExpression
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Combination of pan-RAF and MEK inhibitors in NRAS mutant melanoma.
|
25645078 |
2015 |
|
melanoma
|
0.500 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
RAF inhibitors are an effective therapy for patients with BRAF-mutant melanoma and brain metastasis.
|
25956405 |
2015 |
|
melanoma
|
0.500 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Concurrent loss of the PTEN and RB1 tumor suppressors attenuates RAF dependence in melanomas harboring (V600E)BRAF.
|
21725359 |
2012 |
|
melanoma
|
0.500 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Malignant melanoma with areas of rhabdomyosarcomatous differentiation arising in a giant congenital nevus with RAF1 gene fusion.
|
30945443 |
2019 |
|
melanoma
|
0.500 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Screening a large cohort of patients, we found that, although rare, recurrent rearrangements in the RAF pathway tend to occur in advanced prostate cancers, gastric cancers and melanoma.
|
20526349 |
2010 |
|
melanoma
|
0.500 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
In conclusion, we report that (WT)BRAF/(WT)NRAS melanoma lines with low phospho-CRAF and high cAMP levels may be sensitive to vemurafenib and that CRAF inhibition through cAMP stimulation may overcome the resistance to the drug.
|
24559688 |
2014 |