|
melanoma
|
0.500 |
CausalMutation
|
disease |
CGI |
|
|
|
|
melanoma
|
0.500 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
HPO |
|
|
|
|
melanoma
|
0.500 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Although >90% of BRAF mutations in melanoma involve codon 599 (57 of 60), 8 of 9 BRAF mutations reported to date in NSCLC are non-V599 (89%; P < 10(-7)), strongly suggesting that BRAF mutations in NSCLC are qualitatively different from those in melanoma; thus, there may be therapeutic differences between lung cancer and melanoma in response to RAF inhibitors.
|
12460918 |
2002 |
|
melanoma
|
0.500 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
The RAS/RAF/MAPK pathway likely mediates critical cell proliferation and survival signals in melanoma.
|
15140228 |
2004 |
|
melanoma
|
0.500 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
If the response to RAF kinase inhibition is dependent on the presence of an activated BRAF protein, it will be necessary to evaluate cases of malignant melanoma for the presence or absence of BRAF mutations.
|
15948115 |
2005 |
|
melanoma
|
0.500 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
The protein kinase B-RAF is a human oncogene that is mutated in approximately 70% of human melanomas and transforms mouse melanocytes.
|
16129781 |
2005 |
|
melanoma
|
0.500 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
LHGDN |
Thus, a fundamental switch in RAF isoform usage occurs when RAS is mutated in melanoma, and this occurs in the context of disrupted cAMP signaling.
|
17018604 |
2006 |
|
melanoma
|
0.500 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Thus, a fundamental switch in RAF isoform usage occurs when RAS is mutated in melanoma, and this occurs in the context of disrupted cAMP signaling.
|
17018604 |
2006 |
|
melanoma
|
0.500 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
More recently, however, RAF has become the focus of attention, particularly in melanoma, where approximately 70% of cases carry mutations in the BRAF gene.
|
17208430 |
2007 |
|
melanoma
|
0.500 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Elevated CRAF as a potential mechanism of acquired resistance to BRAF inhibition in melanoma.
|
18559533 |
2008 |
|
melanoma
|
0.500 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Herein, we examined whether targeting the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK pathway with the RAF inhibitor sorafenib and/or the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway with the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin has therapeutic effects against melanoma.
|
18323781 |
2008 |
|
melanoma
|
0.500 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
In summary, we have identified a group of melanomas with low-activity BRAF mutations that are reliant upon CRAF-mediated survival activity.
|
18794803 |
2009 |
|
melanoma
|
0.500 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
RAS and RAF mutations in banal melanocytic aggregates contiguous with primary cutaneous melanoma: clues to melanomagenesis.
|
18945298 |
2009 |
|
melanoma
|
0.500 |
AlteredExpression
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Using an automated method to measure in situ protein expression, we quantified C-Raf expression in 263 nevi and 523 melanomas.
|
19737955 |
2009 |
|
melanoma
|
0.500 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
LHGDN |
In summary, we have identified a group of melanomas with low-activity BRAF mutations that are reliant upon CRAF-mediated survival activity.
|
18794803 |
2009 |
|
melanoma
|
0.500 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Screening a large cohort of patients, we found that, although rare, recurrent rearrangements in the RAF pathway tend to occur in advanced prostate cancers, gastric cancers and melanoma.
|
20526349 |
2010 |
|
melanoma
|
0.500 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Metastasis in an orthotopic murine model of melanoma is independent of RAS/RAF mutation.
|
20679910 |
2010 |
|
melanoma
|
0.500 |
AlteredExpression
|
disease |
BEFREE |
The aim of this study was to determine the prognostic and therapeutic significance of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) in melanoma through correlation of XIAP expression with disease stage, RAS/RAF mutational status, clinical outcome, and susceptibility to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced cell death.
|
20520630 |
2010 |
|
melanoma
|
0.500 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Dissecting therapeutic resistance to RAF inhibition in melanoma by tumor genomic profiling.
|
21383288 |
2011 |
|
melanoma
|
0.500 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
In order to better understand the mechanistic basis for this resistance, we conducted a RNAi-based screen to identify genes that mediated chemoresistance to the RAF kinase inhibitor RAF265 in a BRAF (V600E) mutant melanoma cell line that is resistant to this drug.
|
21527556 |
2011 |
|
melanoma
|
0.500 |
AlteredExpression
|
disease |
BEFREE |
The response rates of RAF inhibitors in patients with BRAF-mutant melanomas far exceed the activity level of any prior therapy studied in this disease.
|
21997758 |
2011 |
|
melanoma
|
0.500 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
This tumour-specific inhibition of ERK signalling results in a broad therapeutic index and RAF inhibitors have remarkable clinical activity in patients with melanomas that harbour mutant BRAF(V600E).
|
22113612 |
2011 |
|
melanoma
|
0.500 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Concurrent loss of the PTEN and RB1 tumor suppressors attenuates RAF dependence in melanomas harboring (V600E)BRAF.
|
21725359 |
2012 |
|
melanoma
|
0.500 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
BRAF valine 600 (V600) mutations occur in 10% to 15% of colorectal cancers, yet these tumors show a surprisingly low clinical response rate (~5%) to selective RAF inhibitors such as vemurafenib, which have produced dramatic response rates (60%–80%) in melanomas harboring the identical BRAF V600 mutation.
|
22448344 |
2012 |
|
melanoma
|
0.500 |
AlteredExpression
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Relief of profound feedback inhibition of mitogenic signaling by RAF inhibitors attenuates their activity in BRAFV600E melanomas.
|
23153539 |
2012 |