|
ROSE Cluster 5
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
CCR5-using viruses (R5 viruses) predominate during primary HIV-1 infections (PHI) while CXCR4-using viruses are isolated in less than 10% of PHI.
|
31259760 |
2019 |
|
ROSE Cluster 5
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
We hypothesized that HIV-mediated chemokine coreceptor signaling, particularly chronic signaling through CXCR4, plays a major role in CD4 dysfunction and depletion; we also hypothesized that there is an R5X4 signaling (R5X4sig) viral subspecies, evolving from the natural replication course of R5-utilizing viruses, that is responsible for CD4 T cell depletion in R5 virus infection.
|
31702526 |
2019 |
|
ROSE Cluster 5
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
These findings show that these X4 and R5 viruses use a similar resistance mechanism to escape from HR1 peptide inhibition but different gp120-gp41 interactions to regulate Env conformational changes.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> HIV-1 fuses with cells when the gp41 subunit of Env refolds into a 6HB after binding to cellular receptors.
|
30894471 |
2019 |
|
ROSE Cluster 5
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Phylogenetic analysis of clonal sequences detected pre-treatment progenitor CXCR4-using virus, or on-treatment virus highly divergent from the Day 1 R5 virus, excluding possible co-receptor switch through maraviroc-mediated evolution.
|
30586365 |
2018 |
|
ROSE Cluster 5
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
In the course of HIV infection, CXCR4 utilizing viruses (X4 viruses) may emerge and outgrow R5 viruses, and potentially limit the effectiveness of Maraviroc.
|
29661652 |
2018 |
|
ROSE Cluster 5
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
No significant difference in proportions between clustered X4/DM viruses and R5 viruses was found (P = 0.683).The high proportion of CXCR4 usage for CRF01_AE strains may result in the loss of susceptibility to maraviroc since CRF01_AE has become the most prevalent strains in China.
|
27684870 |
2016 |
|
ROSE Cluster 5
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
HIV-1 requires the CD4 receptor and a coreceptor (CCR5 [R5 phenotype] or CXCR4 [X4 phenotype]) to enter cells.
|
27226378 |
2016 |
|
ROSE Cluster 5
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Two mothers harbored both R5 and CXCR4-tropic (X4) viruses, but their children harbored only R5 viruses even though the X4 viruses were dominant in the mothers.
|
25826000 |
2015 |
|
ROSE Cluster 5
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Co-receptor usage of plasma virus from all treatment-naïve patients screened for a MVC clinical trial was assessed using phenotypic and genotypic methodologies to evaluate concordance between testing methods and to assess the quantity of CXCR4-using (non-R5) virus in samples giving discordant results.
|
23165088 |
2013 |
|
ROSE Cluster 5
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
R5 viruses have long been thought to account for almost all strains present in primary HIV-1 infections (PHIs), but recent studies using sensitive phenotypic assays have revealed that 3%-6.4% of subjects also harbour CXCR4-using viruses.
|
23869053 |
2013 |
|
ROSE Cluster 5
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
CCR5 antagonists are a powerful new class of antiretroviral drugs that require a companion assay to evaluate the presence of CXCR4-tropic (non-R5) viruses prior to use in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals.
|
23486708 |
2013 |
|
ROSE Cluster 5
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
In approximately 70% of individuals infected with HIV-1 subtype B, the virus switches coreceptor use from exclusively CCR5 use (R5 virus) to either inclusion of or exclusively CXCR4 use (X4 virus) during infection.
|
23672855 |
2013 |
|
ROSE Cluster 5
|
0.100 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Following a selective sweep, CXCR4-using variants subsequently emerged in the recipient coinciding with a further increase in the number of PNGS and V3 charge in the envelope of R5 viruses.
|
22047989 |
2012 |
|
ROSE Cluster 5
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
HIV-1 coreceptor tropism assays are required to rule out the presence of CXCR4-tropic (non-R5) viruses prior treatment with CCR5 antagonists.
|
23166726 |
2012 |
|
ROSE Cluster 5
|
0.100 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
While R5 viruses using CCR5 coreceptor were predominant at birth (94%) and at early AIDS (85%), viruses using CXCR4 coreceptor emerged during the course of infection and were detected in 49% of children older than 84 months and in 62% of late AIDS.
|
22962615 |
2012 |
|
ROSE Cluster 5
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
To gain insight in the transition from CCR5 to CXCR4 coreceptor use, we investigated whether acquisition of CXCR4 use in vitro of R5 viruses from four patients resembled this process in vivo.
|
21295814 |
2011 |
|
ROSE Cluster 5
|
0.100 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Viruses using CCR5 as coreceptor (R5 viruses) are generally present over the entire course of infection whereas viruses using the CXCR4 coreceptor (R5X4/X4 viruses) emerge in about 50% of infected individuals during later stages of infection.
|
19446658 |
2010 |
|
ROSE Cluster 5
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Seventy-six percent of the viruses studied were predicted to use the CCR5 coreceptor for cell entry (R5 viruses), while 24% were predicted to use the CXCR4 or were classified as dual tropic viruses.
|
20854208 |
2010 |
|
ROSE Cluster 5
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
In the course of an in vitro R5 infection, the delay of emergence of X4 mutants was similar between cells expressing 2 distinct cell surface CCR5 densities, but shorter (12 ± 0 days and 21 ± 0 days, respectively, P = 0.01) in cells expressing a high surface CXCR4 density as compared with cells with a low surface CXCR4 density.
|
20861743 |
2010 |
|
ROSE Cluster 5
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
In early infection CCR5-using viruses (R5 viruses) are mostly dominant while a receptor switch towards CXCR4 occurs in about 50% of the infected individuals (X4 viruses) which is associated with a progression of the disease.
|
19948048 |
2009 |
|
ROSE Cluster 5
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
HIV-1 R5 viruses cause most of the AIDS cases worldwide and are preferentially transmitted compared to CXCR4-using viruses.
|
18205925 |
2008 |
|
ROSE Cluster 5
|
0.100 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Analysis of 117 individual viruses found that 69% of CXCR4-utilizing viruses versus 48% of R5 viruses had drug resistance mutations (P = 0.025).
|
18981780 |
2008 |
|
ROSE Cluster 5
|
0.100 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
To examine the pathway of the coreceptor switching of CCR5-using (R5) virus to CXCR4-using (X4) virus in simian-human immunodeficiency virus SHIV(SF162P3N)-infected rhesus macaque BR24, analysis was performed on variants present at 20 weeks postinfection, the time when the signature gp120 V3 loop sequence of the X4 switch variant was first detected by PCR.
|
18480460 |
2008 |
|
ROSE Cluster 5
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Two patients were found to harbor virus populations with only the R5 phenotype in both compartments, whereas viruses using CXCR4 in addition to CCR5 were detected in two other patients.
|
17460054 |
2007 |
|
ROSE Cluster 5
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
The hNOG mice showed marked, long-lasting viremia after infection with both CCR5- and CXCR4-tropic HIV-1 isolates for more than the 40 days examined, with R5 virus-infected animals showing high levels of HIV-DNA copies in the spleen and bone marrow, and X4 virus-infected animals showing high levels of HIV-DNA copies in the thymus and spleen.
|
16954502 |
2007 |