For example, miR-21, as a classic oncogene, was identified as the key regulator of PDCD4 by targeting its 3'-untranslated region (UTR) to promote tumor proliferation, migration, and invasion in colon, breast, and bladder carcinoma.
Importantly, we provide evidence that <i>PPP2R2A</i> represents a new miR-21 direct target and regulator of the ERK pathway and bladder cancer cell growth.Furthermore, i.v. administration of the MKAD-21 inhibitor effectively suppressed tumor growth through regulation of the PPP2R2A-ERK network in mice.<i></i>.
Collectively, these results suggest that formononetin exerts an anti-carcinogenic effect on BCa in vitro, which might be due to miR-21-mediated regulation of the PTEN/Akt pathway.
Blocking miR-21 function can be an effective diagnostic and therapeutic approach either by itself or in combination with existing methods to treat bladder cancer.
In contrast, generalized increased expression of miRs is observed in high-grade, muscle-invasive BC compared with adjacent normal bladder urothelium, including miRs predicted to target p53, such as miR-21 and miR-373.
Collectively, data revealed that the effect of resveratrol on bladder cancer cell apoptosis was due to miR‑21 regulation of the Akt/Bcl‑2 signaling pathway.
In accordance to the observed similarity between TGF-β variants and miR-21 gene expression alterations in bladder tumors, treating 5637 bladder cancer cell line with TGF-β recombinant protein caused a significant upregulation of miR-21.