Mutations in the genes for the insulin receptor, 21-hydroxylase, 11 beta-hydroxylase, and 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase isomerase enzymes are associated with hyperandrogenism.
However, the adrenocortical abnormalities noted were more consistent with a generalized hyperreactivity of the adrenal to ACTH stimulation, than a specific enzyme deficiency, implying that carrier status for 21-OH deficiency may be incidental to the hyperandrogenism.
Mutations have recently been identified in the insulin receptor gene of patients with extreme forms of insulin resistance associated with hyperandrogenism (eg, type A insulin resistance), and these mutations account for the insulin resistance in such patients.
We have used DGGE to screen for mutations in the insulin receptor gene in a family in which four of five daughters were affected by type A insulin resistance in association with acanthosis nigricans and hyperandrogenism.
We have hypothesized that heterozygosity for CYP21 mutations in women increases their risk of developing clinically evident hyperandrogenism, and that this risk is related to the severity of the mutation of CYP21 and/or the 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) response to ACTH stimulation.
PCOS is a familiar disorder and we demonstrate, in molecular genetic studies, that CYP11a, the gene coding for P450 side chain cleavage, is a key susceptibility locus for development of hyperandrogenism.
PCOS is a familiar disorder and we demonstrate, in molecular genetic studies, that CYP11a, the gene coding for P450 side chain cleavage, is a key susceptibility locus for development of hyperandrogenism.
Four patients (three with idiopathic hirsutism, one with ovarian hyperandrogenism) and one control were carriers of CYP21 mutations typically associated with classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia but had normal basal and ACTH-stimulated 17-hydroxyprogesterone levels.
Another patient with adrenal hyperandrogenism carried the V281L mutation, and her ACTH-stimulated 17-hydroxyprogesterone level was elevated only during gonadal suppression.
To examine the influence of hyperandrogenism on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subclass levels as well as lipoprotein (a) levels in hyperandrogenic women compared with a control group.
No association between body mass index and beta(3)-adrenergic receptor variant (W64R) in children with premature pubarche and adolescent girls with hyperandrogenism.
To test the hypothesis that the triad of hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance and acanthosis nigricans (HAIRAN syndrome) in the presence of obesity, also known as type C insulin resistance, is caused by mutations in the gene for peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), a receptor for the thiazolidinedione drugs that enhance sensitivity to insulin.
We reviewed all studies that investigated the roles of insulin, insulin receptor, and insulin gene in insulin resistance and its interaction with hyperandrogenism in PCOS.
We previously suggested that a gain of function mutation in a single serine kinase might cause the hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance observed in PCOS patients by excessive phosphorylation of both P450c17 and IR-beta.
This SHBG decrease is more pronounced in girls with premature pubarche who are at risk to develop functional ovarian hyperandrogenism as well as insulin resistance syndrome.
The frequency of heterozygosity for CYP21 mutations was increased in women with symptomatic hyperandrogenism (10/30) compared to healthy controls (1/14).