<b>Results</b> We found that the early pregnancy loss (EPL) rate increased as MTHFR polymorphism complexity increased and that the early EPL rate was significantly higher in patients with MTHFRC677T polymorphism compared to patients with MTHFRA1298C polymorphism (p = 0.039).
Early pregnancy induces recruitment of differentiated pro-inflammatory γδ T-cell effectors with diverse TCR repertoires at the maternal⁻fetal interface.
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) mutations are commonly associated with hyperhomocysteinemia, and, through their defects in homocysteine metabolism, they have been implicated as risk factors for neural tube defects and unexplained, recurrent embryo losses in early pregnancy.
Syncytin-1 has a physiological role during early pregnancy, as mediator of trophoblast fusion into the syncytiotrophoblast layer, hence allowing embryo implantation.
Placental protein 13 (PP13) is a placenta specific protein and with its decreased maternal serum levels in the first trimester it is one of the most promising markers to predict the syndrome in early pregnancy.
Galectin-9 (LGALS9), a tandem repeat lectin associated with immune modulation, is expressed in the endometrium during the mid and late secretory phases and in decidua during human early pregnancy.
Endocrine gland-derived vascular endothelial growth factor (EG-VEGF) and its receptor genes (PROKR1 (PKR1) and PROKR2 (PKR2)) play an important role in human early pregnancy.
Mmp-10 was higher during murine labor (53-fold vs early pregnancy) in contrast to Mmp-2/3/9 and Timp-1, the expression of which reached a nadir at labor ( P < .001 vs d5 [ Mmp-2/ 9] or P < .05 vs d8 [ Mmp-3 and Timp-1]).
IFN-τ is specifically secreted by the conceptus in ruminants during early pregnancy, and it plays a vital role in the immunological function of pregnancy.